![]() ![]() Disease courses range from mainly asymptomatic and mild courses to more severe and critical courses in 10%–20% of symptomatic patients who are at considerable risk of fatality with many different organ systems involved in differing combinations and with variable symptoms ( Gupta et al., 2020) ( Box 1 However, this will also require additional studies addressing causality of events, which so far are lagging behind.Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( Berlin et al., 2020 Gandhi et al., 2020), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( Kim et al., 2020 Wu et al., 2020 Yao et al., 2020 Zhang and Holmes, 2020) is a rather heterogeneous disease. ![]() A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms observed for cells and soluble mediators involved in innate immunity is a prerequisite for the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies targeting COVID-19. We review evidence that variability in innate immune system components among humans is a main contributor to the heterogeneous disease courses observed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease spectrum induced by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for the interaction of the human innate immune system with SARS-CoV-2 to link the clinical observations with experimental findings that have been made during the first year of the pandemic. Innate immunity-as the first line of defense of our immune system-plays a central role in combating this novel virus. ![]() The introduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the human population represents a tremendous medical and economic crisis. ![]()
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